“Defining the cell and molecular origins of the primate ovarian reserve”
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-62702-0
In this study, the authors identify a PG1.5 state in pre-granulosa cells that combines features of PG1 and PG2. PG1 arises early in gonadal development but is not thought to contribute substantially to future fertility. By contrast, PG1.5 and PG2 give rise to primordial follicles that support future reproductive potential. These observations suggest that in vitro ovarioids should be patterned toward a PG2-like granulosa identity.
The authors also report that PG2 cells express the apoptosis-related gene NIBAN1. This may contribute to germ cell survival during meiosis and to the maintenance of primordial follicles. However, there are few studies on this gene in the ovary or oocyte, so further investigation is warranted.
They further suggest that sex steroid hormones could be produced by CYP19A1-positive pre-granulosa cells and CYP17A1-positive theca cells; however, hormone production was not directly measured in this study.
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